Subject, Verb , Complement, Modifier

·           SUBJECT
Definition: The subject of a sentence is the noun, pronoun or noun phrase that precedes and governs the main verb. The subject is the part of the sentence that performs an action or which is associated with the action.

For example:

* He is a really nice guy.
* "He" is the subject of the sentence, controlling the verb and the complement.
* My dog attacked the burglar.
* "My dog" is the subject, controlling the verb and the rest of the sentence.
* David plays the piano
* The subject "David" performs the action of "playing the piano".
* The police interviewed all the witnesses.
* The subject the police performs the action of interviewing all the witnesses.

·           VERBS
Definition: Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does.

For example:

* Paul rides a bicycle.
* Here, the verb rides certainly denotes an action which Paul performs - the action of riding a bicycle.
* We buy some books to learn English verbs.
* In this example, the action word is "to buy". It tells us that the subject "we", that is the person who performs the action of the verb is "buying some books".

The verb tense shows the time of the action or state. Aspect shows whether the action or state is completed or not. Voice is used to show relationships between the action and the people affected by it. Mood shows the attitude of the speaker about the verb, whether it is a declaration or an order. Verbs can be affected by person and number to show agreement with the subject.

·           COMPLEMENT

A complement is the part of a Sentence that comes after the Verb and is needed to make the sentence complete. The following are the most important types of complement used in English:

a.  SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

Eg: He's a surveyor. (The Subject is completed by the complement to the verb. This is a Copula Verb.

b.  OBJECT COMPLEMENT

Eg: She sent him the fax. (The sentence is completed by telling us what she sent to him.)

c.   ADJECTIVAL COMPLEMENT

Eg: They'll be happy. (The sentence is completed by the Adjective; this could be extended further, they'll be happy to see us, etc..)

d.  PREPOSITIONAL COMPLEMENT

Eg: They talked about what needed doing. (The sentence is completed by the Phrase linked to the verb by the Preposition.)

·           MODIFIER

tells the time, place or manner of the action. Very often it's a prepositional phrase. Prepotional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.
Note : A modifier of time usually comes last if more than one modifier is present.
Example of prepositional phrases :
In the morning, at university, on the table
A modifier can also be an adverb or an adverbial phrase :
Last night, hurriedly, next year, outdoors, yesterday
Example : John bought a book at the bookstore
(modifier place)
Jill was swimming in the pool yesterday
(modifier of place)(modifier of time)
Note :
The modifier normally follows the complement, but not always. However, the modifier, especially when it's a prepositional phrase, usually can't separate the verb and the complement.
Example : She drove the car on the street
(verb) (complement)

Reference : http://mangantar.wordpress.com/

PROUNOUNS

Definition :

A pronoun is used in place of a noun or nouns. Common pronouns include he, her, him, I, it, me, she, them, they, us, and we.Here are some examples:

INSTEAD OF: Fauzi is a good athlete.

he is a good athlete. (The pronoun she replaces Fauzi.)

INSTEAD OF: The beans and tomatoes are fresh-picked.

They are fresh-picked. (The pronoun they replaces the beans and tomatoes.)

Often a pronoun takes the place of a particular noun. This noun is known as the antecedent. A pronoun "refers to," or directs your thoughts toward, its antecedent.

Let's call Fauzi and ask him to join the team. (Him  is a pronoun; Fauzi is its antecedent.)

To find a pronoun's antecedent, ask yourself what that pronoun refers to. What does him refer to in the sentence above—that is, who is the him? The him in the sentence is Fauzi; therefore, Fauzi is the antecedent.

·           Subjective Pronouns

A subjective pronoun acts as the subject of a sentence—it performs the action of the verb. The subjective pronouns are he, I, it, she, they, we, and you.

He spends ages looking out the window.

After lunch, she and I went to the planetarium.

·           Objective Pronouns

An objective pronoun acts as the object of a sentence—it receives the action of the verb. The objective pronouns are her, him, it, me, them, us, and you.

Cousin Eldred gave me a trombone.

Take a picture of him, not us!

·           Possessive Pronouns

A possessive pronoun tells you who owns something. The possessive pronouns are hers, his, its, mine, ours, theirs, and yours.

The red basket is mine.

Yours is on the coffee table.

·           Demonstrative Pronouns

A demonstrative pronoun points out a noun. The demonstrative pronouns are that, these, this, and those.

That is a good idea.

These are hilarious cartoons.

A demonstrative pronoun may look like a demonstrative adjective, but it is used differently in a sentence: it acts as a pronoun, taking the place of a noun.

·           Interrogative Pronouns

An interrogative pronoun is used in a question. It helps to ask about something. The interrogative pronouns are what, which, who, whom, and compound words ending in "ever," such as whatever, whichever, whoever, and whomever.

What on earth is that?

Who ate the last Fig Newton?

An interrogative pronoun may look like an interrogative adjective, but it is used differently in a sentence: it acts as a pronoun, taking the place of a noun.

·           Indefinite Pronouns

An indefinite pronoun refers to an indefinite, or general, person or thing. Indefinite pronouns include all, any, both, each, everyone, few, many, neither, none, nothing, several, some, and somebody.

Something smells good.

Many like salsa with their chips.

An indefinite pronoun may look like an indefinite adjective, but it is used differently in a sentence: it acts as a pronoun, taking the place of a noun.

·           Relative Pronouns

A relative pronoun introduces a clause, or part of a sentence, that describes a noun. The relative pronouns are that, which, who,and whom.

You should bring the book that you love most.

That introduces "you love most," which describes the book.

Hector is a photographer who does great work.

Who introduces "does great work," which describes Hector.

·           Reflexive Pronouns

A reflexive pronoun refers back to the subject of a sentence. The reflexive pronouns are herself, himself, itself, myself, ourselves, themselves, and yourselves. Each of these words can also act as an intensive pronoun (see below).

I learned a lot about myself at summer camp. (Myself refers back to I.)

They should divide the berries among themselves. (Themselves refers back to they.)

·           Intensive Pronouns

An intensive pronoun emphasizes its antecedent (the noun that comes before it). The intensive pronouns are herself, himself, itself, myself, ourselves, themselves, and yourselves. Each of these words can also act as a reflective pronoun (see above).

I myself don't like eggs.

The queen herself visited our class.

Reference : http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0885483.html

Tugas Tulisan (10) Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 1

I Love Indonesia

I'm born and raised in Indonesia, when i teen i don't really like my country because if i see in film another countries have soo many beautiful places, cultures, stories, more freedom,etc. I always think if i grow old i will go to japan, United States, Egypt and England (that my favorite country), stay there and find a family. But when i college i started research about Indonesian culture and stories, for the first that just study but not too long i think that excited, i do more research and heard

my teacher explanation about indonesian culture, how in any lyric, tools, house, fabric, ritual, etc always have meaning, what people do is meaningful. From there i grew love my Indonesia. 
like you all know Indonesian people not always good people, bad government, etc, but in the started Indonesia have good religion, good people, good place,etc. What must I do now is to tell everyone what Indonesian people is doing and don't forget how people Indonesian does.

Indonesia is the 4th most populous country in the world and is made up of over 17,000 islands; however, often when people think of Indonesia, all that comes to mind is Bali. Although Bali is awesome in its own right, Indonesia as a whole is a great place to visit and has much to offer. Here are many reasons why you should visit Indonesia.

 1.      The Komodos Dragon

    Indonesia is home to Komodo National Park, named after its celebrity residents, the Komodo               Dragon. Currently the largest living lizard in the world and the closest thing we have to dinosaurs,           these fierce dragons are quite the tourist attraction for the thrill seeker. Indonesia is the only place in       the world where they can be found living in the wild on the four islands that make up Komodo              National Park. Having been known to eat a human or two, if you visit make sure you do so with a few     park rangers as protection to witness this deadly creature in the flesh.

  2.  Snorkel

     Indonesia is home to 20% of the world’s coral reefs and some of the best scuba diving        and snorkelling you can find. There are many opportunities available for beginner and            experienced divers, with lots of gear rental shops and liveaboard trips and more being offered.      Indonesia also has a lot of shipwrecks off its shores, which make for interesting dives. It’s            almost   a shame to visit Indonesia and not get your feet wet.

  3.   Food

You can literally eat for days in Indonesia and always be trying something new. Some popular Indonesian foods are satay (like lamb or chicken skewers), nasi goreng (a fried rice plate with other foods added to it like fried eggs, vegetables, and chicken), gudeg (a dish made from boiled young jackfruit, often served with rice, sambal sauce and chicken) and my favorite, sambal sauce – a spicy sauce that can be added rice and many other dishes. Indonesia is also one of the largest coffee producers in the world – the phrase “a cup of Java” actually comes from Indonesia’s island of the same name, where the coffee comes from. They are also famous for Kopi Luwak, which is coffee made from the poop of the Luwak – aka civet cat – that has eaten coffee beans and pooped them out. Sounds gross but it is actually rare and quite expensive coffee.

4.      Borobudur

Dating back to the 9th century, Borobudur is the largest Buddhist temple in the world and is found in Java, Indonesia. Made up of 2,000+ relief panels and over 500 Buddha statues, this temple is an amazing monument to see. Often crowded in the day, one of the best times to explore the temple is early in the morning when you can watch the sunrise while standing at the very top.

         5.      Mount Bromo

        Indonesia is located in what is called “the Pacific rim of fire” which is one of the most active                   volcanic areas in the world. The country alone has 150 volcanoes. It also boasts some of the most         gorgeous sunsets in the world with one of the best being seen from Mount Penanjakan overlooking         the famous Mt Bromo Volcano. Although to get to the top, you must climb up steep streets an              steps covered in tourists and horses really early in the morning in pitch-black darkness, it isdefinitely        worth the effort and the climb.

       6.      Kuta Beach (Bali)

      With over 17,000 islands it’s a sure bet that Indonesia has some gorgeous beaches to lay on.                 Whether you want to enjoy some water sports like learning to surf, go parasailing, ride a banana             boat or just lay out and get a nice tan, Indonesia is definitely a place where all of this can happen.          You can hang out on the popular Kuta beach in Bali, or the secluded pink beach as part of the               Komodo islands, just to name a few of the thousands of options.

     7.      Raja Ampat (Papua)

    Raja Ampat casts a spell on all who visit – scientists, photographers, novice divers and crusty sea-         salts alike. This group of majestic islands, located in the northwestern tip of Indonesia’s Papuan             “Bird’s Head Seascape,” lies in the heart of the coral triangle, the most bio-diverse marine region on       earth.

    8.      Humble People

    Indonesians are very friendly and welcoming people. In the majority of the places you travel to               throughout the country, you will be met with some of the biggest smiles you have ever seen. They are     also very proud of their history, culture, wildlife, food and more, and are passionate about sharing it       with others.